lens-5.2.3: Lenses, Folds and Traversals

Copyright | (C) 2012-16 Edward Kmett
License | BSD-style (see the file LICENSE)
Maintainer | Edward Kmett <ekmett@gmail.com>
Stability | experimental
Portability | non-portable
Safe Haskell | Trustworthy
Language | Haskell2010

Control.Lens.Cons

Contents

- Cons
- Snoc

Description

Synopsis

- class Cons s t a b | s -> a, t -> b, s b -> t, t a -> s where
  - _Cons :: Prism s t (a, s) (b, t)
- (<|) :: Cons s s a a => a -> s -> s
- cons :: Cons s s a a => a -> s -> s
- uncons :: Cons s s a a => s -> Maybe (a, s)
- _head :: Cons s s a a => Traversal' s a
- _tail :: Cons s s a a => Traversal' s s
- pattern (:<) :: Cons b b a a => a -> b -> b
- class Snoc s t a b | s -> a, t -> b, s b -> t, t a -> s where
  - _Snoc :: Prism s t (s, a) (t, b)
- (|>) :: Snoc s s a a => s -> a -> s
- snoc :: Snoc s s a a => s -> a -> s
- unsnoc :: Snoc s s a a => s -> Maybe (s, a)
- _init :: Snoc s s a a => Traversal' s s
- _last :: Snoc s s a a => Traversal' s a
- pattern (:>) :: Snoc a a b b => a -> b -> a

# Cons

class Cons s t a b | s -> a, t -> b, s b -> t, t a -> s where #

This class provides a way to attach or detach elements on the left side of a structure in a flexible manner.

Methods

_Cons :: Prism s t (a, s) (b, t) #

    _Cons :: Prism [a] [b] (a, [a]) (b, [b])
    _Cons :: Prism (Seq a) (Seq b) (a, Seq a) (b, Seq b)
    _Cons :: Prism (Vector a) (Vector b) (a, Vector a) (b, Vector b)
    _Cons :: Prism' String (Char, String)
    _Cons :: Prism' Text (Char, Text)
    _Cons :: Prism' ByteString (Word8, ByteString)

#### Instances

Instances details

Cons ByteString ByteString Word8 Word8 # |
Instance details Defined in Control.Lens.Cons Methods _Cons :: Prism ByteString ByteString (Word8, ByteString) (Word8, ByteString) #
Cons ByteString ByteString Word8 Word8 # |
Instance details Defined in Control.Lens.Cons Methods _Cons :: Prism ByteString ByteString (Word8, ByteString) (Word8, ByteString) #
Cons Text Text Char Char # |
Instance details Defined in Control.Lens.Cons Methods _Cons :: Prism Text Text (Char, Text) (Char, Text) #
Cons Text Text Char Char # |
Instance details Defined in Control.Lens.Cons Methods _Cons :: Prism Text Text (Char, Text) (Char, Text) #
Cons (ZipList a) (ZipList b) a b # |
Instance details Defined in Control.Lens.Cons Methods _Cons :: Prism (ZipList a) (ZipList b) (a, ZipList a) (b, ZipList b) #
Cons (Seq a) (Seq b) a b # |
Instance details Defined in Control.Lens.Cons Methods _Cons :: Prism (Seq a) (Seq b) (a, Seq a) (b, Seq b) #
Cons (Deque a) (Deque b) a b # |
Instance details Defined in Control.Lens.Internal.Deque Methods _Cons :: Prism (Deque a) (Deque b) (a, Deque a) (b, Deque b) #
Cons (Vector a) (Vector b) a b # |
Instance details Defined in Control.Lens.Cons Methods _Cons :: Prism (Vector a) (Vector b) (a, Vector a) (b, Vector b) #
(Prim a, Prim b) => Cons (Vector a) (Vector b) a b # |
Instance details Defined in Control.Lens.Cons Methods _Cons :: Prism (Vector a) (Vector b) (a, Vector a) (b, Vector b) #
(Storable a, Storable b) => Cons (Vector a) (Vector b) a b # |
Instance details Defined in Control.Lens.Cons Methods _Cons :: Prism (Vector a) (Vector b) (a, Vector a) (b, Vector b) #
(Unbox a, Unbox b) => Cons (Vector a) (Vector b) a b # |
Instance details Defined in Control.Lens.Cons Methods _Cons :: Prism (Vector a) (Vector b) (a, Vector a) (b, Vector b) #
Cons [a] [b] a b # |
Instance details Defined in Control.Lens.Cons Methods _Cons :: Prism [a] [b] (a, [a]) (b, [b]) #

(<|) :: Cons s s a a => a -> s -> s infixr 5 #

`cons` an element onto a container.

This is an infix alias for `cons`.

    >>> a <| []
    [a]

    >>> a <| [b, c]
    [a,b,c]

    >>> a <| Seq.fromList []
    fromList [a]

    >>> a <| Seq.fromList [b, c]
    fromList [a,b,c]

cons :: Cons s s a a => a -> s -> s infixr 5 #

`cons` an element onto a container.

    >>> cons a []
    [a]

    >>> cons a [b, c]
    [a,b,c]

    >>> cons a (Seq.fromList [])
    fromList [a]

    >>> cons a (Seq.fromList [b, c])
    fromList [a,b,c]

uncons :: Cons s s a a => s -> Maybe (a, s) #

Attempt to extract the left-most element from a container, and a version of the container without that element.

    >>> uncons []
    Nothing

    >>> uncons [a, b, c]
    Just (a,[b,c])

_head :: Cons s s a a => Traversal' s a #

A `Traversal` reading and writing to the `head` of a non-empty container.

    >>> [a,b,c]^? _head
    Just a

    >>> [a,b,c] & _head .~ d
    [d,b,c]

    >>> [a,b,c] & _head %~ f
    [f a,b,c]

    >>> [] & _head %~ f
    []

    >>> [1,2,3]^?!_head
    1

    >>> []^?_head
    Nothing

    >>> [1,2]^?_head
    Just 1

    >>> [] & _head .~ 1
    []

    >>> [0] & _head .~ 2
    [2]

    >>> [0,1] & _head .~ 2
    [2,1]

This isn't limited to lists.

For instance you can also `traverse` the head of a `Seq`:

    >>> Seq.fromList [a,b,c,d] & _head %~ f
    fromList [f a,b,c,d]

    >>> Seq.fromList [] ^? _head
    Nothing

    >>> Seq.fromList [a,b,c,d] ^? _head
    Just a

    _head :: Traversal' [a] a
    _head :: Traversal' (Seq a) a
    _head :: Traversal' (Vector a) a

_tail :: Cons s s a a => Traversal' s s #

A `Traversal` reading and writing to the `tail` of a non-empty container.

    >>> [a,b] & _tail .~ [c,d,e]
    [a,c,d,e]

    >>> [] & _tail .~ [a,b]
    []

    >>> [a,b,c,d,e] & _tail.traverse %~ f
    [a,f b,f c,f d,f e]

    >>> [1,2] & _tail .~ [3,4,5]
    [1,3,4,5]

    >>> [] & _tail .~ [1,2]
    []

    >>> [a,b,c]^?_tail
    Just [b,c]

    >>> [1,2]^?!_tail
    [2]

    >>> "hello"^._tail
    "ello"

    >>> ""^._tail
    ""

This isn't limited to lists. For instance you can also `traverse` the tail of a `Seq`.

    >>> Seq.fromList [a,b] & _tail .~ Seq.fromList [c,d,e]
    fromList [a,c,d,e]

    >>> Seq.fromList [a,b,c] ^? _tail
    Just (fromList [b,c])

    >>> Seq.fromList [] ^? _tail
    Nothing

    _tail :: Traversal' [a] [a]
    _tail :: Traversal' (Seq a) (Seq a)
    _tail :: Traversal' (Vector a) (Vector a)

pattern (:<) :: Cons b b a a => a -> b -> b infixr 5 #

# Snoc

class Snoc s t a b | s -> a, t -> b, s b -> t, t a -> s where #

This class provides a way to attach or detach elements on the right side of a structure in a flexible manner.

Methods

_Snoc :: Prism s t (s, a) (t, b) #

    _Snoc :: Prism [a] [b] ([a], a) ([b], b)
    _Snoc :: Prism (Seq a) (Seq b) (Seq a, a) (Seq b, b)
    _Snoc :: Prism (Vector a) (Vector b) (Vector a, a) (Vector b, b)
    _Snoc :: Prism' String (String, Char)
    _Snoc :: Prism' Text (Text, Char)
    _Snoc :: Prism' ByteString (ByteString, Word8)

#### Instances

Instances details

Snoc ByteString ByteString Word8 Word8 # |
Instance details Defined in Control.Lens.Cons Methods _Snoc :: Prism ByteString ByteString (ByteString, Word8) (ByteString, Word8) #
Snoc ByteString ByteString Word8 Word8 # |
Instance details Defined in Control.Lens.Cons Methods _Snoc :: Prism ByteString ByteString (ByteString, Word8) (ByteString, Word8) #
Snoc Text Text Char Char # |
Instance details Defined in Control.Lens.Cons Methods _Snoc :: Prism Text Text (Text, Char) (Text, Char) #
Snoc Text Text Char Char # |
Instance details Defined in Control.Lens.Cons Methods _Snoc :: Prism Text Text (Text, Char) (Text, Char) #
Snoc (ZipList a) (ZipList b) a b # |
Instance details Defined in Control.Lens.Cons Methods _Snoc :: Prism (ZipList a) (ZipList b) (ZipList a, a) (ZipList b, b) #
Snoc (Seq a) (Seq b) a b # |
Instance details Defined in Control.Lens.Cons Methods _Snoc :: Prism (Seq a) (Seq b) (Seq a, a) (Seq b, b) #
Snoc (Deque a) (Deque b) a b # |
Instance details Defined in Control.Lens.Internal.Deque Methods _Snoc :: Prism (Deque a) (Deque b) (Deque a, a) (Deque b, b) #
Snoc (Vector a) (Vector b) a b # |
Instance details Defined in Control.Lens.Cons Methods _Snoc :: Prism (Vector a) (Vector b) (Vector a, a) (Vector b, b) #
(Prim a, Prim b) => Snoc (Vector a) (Vector b) a b # |
Instance details Defined in Control.Lens.Cons Methods _Snoc :: Prism (Vector a) (Vector b) (Vector a, a) (Vector b, b) #
(Storable a, Storable b) => Snoc (Vector a) (Vector b) a b # |
Instance details Defined in Control.Lens.Cons Methods _Snoc :: Prism (Vector a) (Vector b) (Vector a, a) (Vector b, b) #
(Unbox a, Unbox b) => Snoc (Vector a) (Vector b) a b # |
Instance details Defined in Control.Lens.Cons Methods _Snoc :: Prism (Vector a) (Vector b) (Vector a, a) (Vector b, b) #
Snoc [a] [b] a b # |
Instance details Defined in Control.Lens.Cons Methods _Snoc :: Prism [a] [b] ([a], a) ([b], b) #

(|>) :: Snoc s s a a => s -> a -> s infixl 5 #

`snoc` an element onto the end of a container.

This is an infix alias for `snoc`.

    >>> Seq.fromList [] |> a
    fromList [a]

    >>> Seq.fromList [b, c] |> a
    fromList [b,c,a]

    >>> LazyT.pack "hello" |> '!'
    "hello!"

snoc :: Snoc s s a a => s -> a -> s infixl 5 #

`snoc` an element onto the end of a container.

    >>> snoc (Seq.fromList []) a
    fromList [a]

    >>> snoc (Seq.fromList [b, c]) a
    fromList [b,c,a]

    >>> snoc (LazyT.pack "hello") '!'
    "hello!"

unsnoc :: Snoc s s a a => s -> Maybe (s, a) #

Attempt to extract the right-most element from a container, and a version of the container without that element.

    >>> unsnoc (LazyT.pack "hello!")
    Just ("hello",'!')

    >>> unsnoc (LazyT.pack "")
    Nothing

    >>> unsnoc (Seq.fromList [b,c,a])
    Just (fromList [b,c],a)

    >>> unsnoc (Seq.fromList [])
    Nothing

_init :: Snoc s s a a => Traversal' s s #

A `Traversal` reading and replacing all but the a last element of a non-empty container.

    >>> [a,b,c,d]^?_init
    Just [a,b,c]

    >>> []^?_init
    Nothing

    >>> [a,b] & _init .~ [c,d,e]
    [c,d,e,b]

    >>> [] & _init .~ [a,b]
    []

    >>> [a,b,c,d] & _init.traverse %~ f
    [f a,f b,f c,d]

    >>> [1,2,3]^?_init
    Just [1,2]

    >>> [1,2,3,4]^?!_init
    [1,2,3]

    >>> "hello"^._init
    "hell"

    >>> ""^._init
    ""

    _init :: Traversal' [a] [a]
    _init :: Traversal' (Seq a) (Seq a)
    _init :: Traversal' (Vector a) (Vector a)

_last :: Snoc s s a a => Traversal' s a #

A `Traversal` reading and writing to the last element of a non-empty container.

    >>> [a,b,c]^?!_last
    c

    >>> []^?_last
    Nothing

    >>> [a,b,c] & _last %~ f
    [a,b,f c]

    >>> [1,2]^?_last
    Just 2

    >>> [] & _last .~ 1
    []

    >>> [0] & _last .~ 2
    [2]

    >>> [0,1] & _last .~ 2
    [0,2]

This `Traversal` is not limited to lists, however. We can also work with other containers, such as a `Vector`.

    >>> Vector.fromList "abcde" ^? _last
    Just 'e'

    >>> Vector.empty ^? _last
    Nothing

    >>> (Vector.fromList "abcde" & _last .~ 'Q') == Vector.fromList "abcdQ"
    True

    _last :: Traversal' [a] a
    _last :: Traversal' (Seq a) a
    _last :: Traversal' (Vector a) a

pattern (:>) :: Snoc a a b b => a -> b -> a infixl 5 #